马尾松毛虫空间格局的地学统计学分析

应用地学统计学方法分析了湿地松 马尾松 火炬松林中马尾松毛虫越冬代蛹、第一代卵块和低龄幼虫的空间格局 .结果表明 ,蛹在 0°、45°、90°、1 35°4个方向上的半变异函数曲线为球形 ,在 90°方向上的空间连续性大于其他方向 ;卵块和低龄幼虫的为指数形 ,在各方向上无差异 .蛹、卵块和幼虫在全方向上的半变异函数曲线均为球形 ,呈聚集型的空间格局 ,聚集强度以蛹最高 ,依次是幼虫和卵块 .分别拟合了蛹、卵块和幼虫的半变异函数模型 ,估算了样地各处的密度 ,绘制了密度等值线图     

Afferent connections of the optic tectum in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus

Summary Horseradish peroxidase was injected unilaterally into the optic tectum of the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. The sources of tectal afferents were thereby revealed by retrogradely labeled neurons in various brain centers. Retrogradely labeled cells were seen in both the ipsilateral and contralateral telencephalon. The superficial pretectal area was labeled on both sides of the brain. Ipsilateral projections were also observed coming from the entopeduncular nucleus. Both the anterior thalamic nucleus and the ventro-medial thalamic nucleus projected to the ipsilateral optic tectum. Cells in the ipsilateral nucleus of the posterior commissure were seen to project to the tectum. Labeled fibers were visualized in the lateral geniculate nucleus ipsilateral to the injected tectum, however, no labeled cell bodies were observed. Therefore, tectal cells project to the lateral geniculate nucleus, but this projection is not reciprocal. No labeled cells were found in the cerebellum. Labeled cells occurred in both the ipsilateral and contralateral medial reticular formation; they were also observed in the ipsilateral nucleus isthmi. A projection was seen coming from the dorsal funicular nucleus. Furthermore, labeled cells were shown in the inferior raphe nucleus.Abbreviations AP Area pretectalis - C Cerebellum - DPTN Dorsal posterior tegmental nucleus - H Habenula - IRF Inferior reticular formation - LI Inferior lobe - LGN Lateral geniculate nucleus - LR Lateral recess - MB Mammillary body - MRF Medial reticular formation - MZ Medial zone of the telencephalon - NC Nucleus corticalis - NDL-M Nucleus opticus dorsolateralis/pars medialis - NI Nucleus isthmi - NPC Nucleus of the posterior commissure - OPT Optic tectum - OT Optic tract - PC Posterior commissure - PN Pineal organ - PrOP Preoptic nucleus - PT Pretectum - TBt Tectobulbar tract - TEL Telencephalon - TL Torus longitudinalis - TS Torus semicircularis - VC Valvula cerebelli - VLTN Ventrolateral thalamic nucleus - VMTN Ventromedial thalamic nucleus     

Benzoic acid conjugation in tuatara

The excretion and metabolism of orally administered [¹⁴C]-labelled benzoic acid (100 mg/kg) was examined in the reptile Sphenedon punctatus (tuatara). The major excreted metabolite was chromatographically and electrophoretically identical with ornithuric acid. Conjugation with glycine or glucuronic acid was not detected. 7–21 percent of the dose was recovered from the urine and faeces, the bulk of the excreted radioactivity being eliminated in the first seven days. Free benzoic acid and conjugates were excreted in the first week but only conjugates could be detected in fauces collected at later intervals. These results are discussed in relation to the taxonomic position of tuatara.     

斑点叉尾 源维氏气单胞菌对四环素类抗生素的耐药性及耐药基因的检测简

正维氏气单胞菌(Aeromonas veronii)为气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)的一种,亦被称为维罗纳气单胞菌、凡隆气单胞菌和维隆气单胞菌,存在于水体和淤泥等环境中[1],能够感染斑点叉尾(Ictalurus punctatus)[2,3]、锦鲤(Cyprinus carpio L.)[4]、西伯利亚鲟(Acipenser baerii)[5]、鲱形白鲑(Coregonus clupeaformis)[6]、华鲮(Sinilabeo rendahl)[7]、     

马尾松毛虫CPV基因组S7的序列分析及部分序列的原核表达

马尾松毛虫质多角体病毒(湖南株)基因组S7节段(AY180908)cDNA克隆及序列分析结果表明：S7由1501个碱基组成,编码由448个氨基酸组成的分子量为49．8kDa的多肽P50。5’末端和3’末端具有5’-AGTAA-3’和5’-GTTAGCC-3’末端保守序列。该基因组与舞毒蛾质多角体病毒1型和家蚕质多角体病毒1型s7节段有很高的同源性,核苷酸序列同源性分别为97．2％和87．0％,氨基酸序列同源性分别为98．7％和92．8％。P50多肽与人型支原体的DnaK样蛋白在C-末端有相似性。本文报道了编码P50 C259的cDNA序列的克隆并作了原核表达,当用1．0mmol／L IPTG诱导2h,分子量约为37.3kDa的融合蛋白在大肠杆菌BL21中得到大量表达。     

马尾松毛虫感染绿僵菌后某些生化指标的变化

3～ 4龄马尾松毛虫Dendrolimuspunctatus幼虫被金龟子绿僵菌Metarhiziumanisopliae感染后 1～ 4d,血淋巴中血细胞总数和可溶性蛋白浓度均显著高于同期未感染的幼虫。利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术 ,分析了感染后 3 ,4,6d幼虫体壁组织中可溶性蛋白和过氧化物酶 ,以及血淋巴中过氧化物酶的变化。结果显示 ,金龟子绿僵菌的侵染对马尾松毛虫幼虫体壁组织蛋白质代谢产生影响 ,过氧化物酶活性有减弱趋势     

马尾松毛虫种群动态的时间序列分析及复杂性动态研究

自从May(1974)指出即使是简单的种群模型也能揭示混沌动态以来,自然种群是否存在混沌一直具有争论,如何检测自然种群的混沌行为也成为种群动态研究的一个难点,通过时间序列分析和反应面模型建模的8方法分析了马尾松毛虫的复杂性动态,用自相关函数对马尾松毛虫发生的时间动态分析的结果认为动态是平衡的,其周期性不显著,而具有一定的复杂性,这种类型可以是减幅波动,有限周期或弱混沌,波动主要由系统内因引起,进一步采用反应面模型估计全局李雅普若夫指数和局域李雅普若夫指数结果均为负,显示马尾松毛虫种群动态不存在混沌现象,但是在增加一个小的噪音以后,局域李雅普若夫指数变为在0以上的波动,说明系统对噪音非常敏感,噪音对松毛虫种群动态具有很大的影响,可以将其从非混沌状态变为混沌,研究结果认为全局郴雅普若夫指数λ是一定时间内两个变动轨迹的总平均偏差,而随着种群动态的波动,指数也是波动的,所以对于检测自然种群的混沌来说不是一个好的指标,局域李雅普若夫指数λM能更好地表示自然种群混沌的存在和产生混沌的条件,对害虫管理来说对种群暴发初期的预测是尤其重要的,而此时又最难于预测,所以对种群动态的监测就尤为重要,由于马尾松毛虫的代间种群动态为第一级密度相关,前一代的虫口密度与下一代的虫口密度相关性最强,所以前一代预测下一代是最可靠的。     

马尾松毛虫灾变发生类型与地貌及植被特征间对应分析

1　引　　言对应分析 (ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｅｎｃｅａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ)由法国Ｂｅｎｚｅｃｒｉ于1970年首先提出 ,是在Ｒ型和Ｑ型因子分析基础上发展起来的一种多元分析方法[5] .它与主成分分析有着密切的联系 ,在某种意义上可以看成是主成分的特殊情形 ,从另外一种意义上讲 ,它又是主成分分析的推广 .另外 ,它和典型分析也是相通的[4 ] .对应分析的主要目的是寻求列联表行因素和列因素的基本分布特征和最优联立表示 ,并将彼此间的结构关系直观地展示出来 .对应分析已被用于生物学研究的不同领域[2 ,3 ] .本文应用对应分析方法 ,对小班 (ｓ…     

文山松毛虫质型多角体病毒在Sf21细胞中离体增殖试验

研究了文山松毛虫质型多角体病毒 (DpCPV W )在Sf2 1细胞中的离体增殖行为 ,并进行了空斑试验 ,结果显示DpCPV W毒株能够在Sf2 1细胞中增殖 ,也能在Sf2 1细胞上形成空斑 ,并能产生形态正常的病毒多角体。在DpCPV W中加入基因工程增效蛋白 ,能显著增加病毒粒子对离体细胞的感染率 ,增幅达 145 %。生物测定表明 ,离体增殖的病毒多角体与虫体增殖的多角体的毒力相当。因此 ,Sf2 1细胞可以作为文山松毛虫CPV增殖行为研究的离体细胞系统 ,也可通过空斑纯化技术对文山松毛虫CPV生产防治的病毒种进行单个病毒粒子的分离纯化     

Effect of pine foliage damage on the incidence of larval diapause in the pine caterpillar Dendrolimus punctatus （Lepidoptera： Lasiocampidae）

The pine caterpillar Dendrolimus punctatus （Walker） with a larval facultative diapause is one of the most destructive insect pests of the pine tree Pinus massoniana in China. The larvae feeding on pine trees with different damage levels were studied to determine the induction of diapause under both laboratory and field conditions. Developmental duration of larvae before the third instar was the longest when fed with 75%-90% damaged needles, followed by 25%-40% damaged needles and intact pine needles, whereas mortalities did not differ among different treatments under the conditions of 25℃ and critical photoperiod 13.5：10.5 L：D. At 25 ℃, no diapause was induced under 15：9 L：D, whereas 100% diapause occurred under 12：12 L：D regardless of the levels of needle damage. Incidences of larvae entering diapause when they were fed with intact, 25%-40% and 75%- 90% damaged pine needles were 51.7%, 70.8% and 81% under 13.5：10.5 L：D, respectively. Similar results were obtained in the field experiment. Incidence of diapause was significantly different among the pine needle damage levels of pine trees when the photoperiod was close to the critical day length, indicating that the effect of host plants on diapause induction was dependent on the range of photoperiod. The content of amino acid and sugar decreased and tannin increased in pine needles after feeding by the pine caterpillars, suggesting that changed levels of nutrients in damaged needles or a particular substance emitted by damaged pine trees was perhaps involved in the diapause induction of the pine caterpillar.